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And it explores urgent questions such as: How can we think, plan, and design urban spaces that allow the seemingly antagonistic elements of water and land to coexist?",[],[501,521,539],{"_id":502,"articles":503,"slug":519,"subtitle":520,"title":188},"1098d2d1-8ad4-49ce-a797-c1ad078cdfeb",[504,509,514],{"_id":425,"authors":505,"slug":507,"title":508},[506],{"firstName":459,"lastName":460},{"_type":186,"current":389},"Eine kleine Kulturgeschichte der Kröten",{"_id":429,"authors":510,"slug":512,"title":513},[511],{"firstName":462,"lastName":463},{"_type":186,"current":392},"The Frog and the Sewage Treatment Plant",{"_id":432,"authors":515,"slug":517,"title":518},[516],{"firstName":468,"lastName":469},{"_type":186,"current":395},"Embracing the amphibious urban",{"_type":186,"current":187},"Concepts and Positions",{"_id":522,"articles":523,"slug":537,"subtitle":538,"title":192},"c329dd2c-9852-4cb3-8b9d-173dce474476",[524,529],{"_id":435,"authors":525,"slug":527,"title":528},[526],{"firstName":486,"lastName":487},{"_type":186,"current":398},"quAA’r-qu-qu-QuAa’rr’-qI-qI-QuiAa’r’r’",{"_id":438,"authors":530,"slug":535,"title":536},[531,532,533,534],{"firstName":450,"lastName":451},{"firstName":456,"lastName":457},{"firstName":477,"lastName":478},{"firstName":483,"lastName":484},{"_type":186,"current":401},"The Basin as Hydrocommons",{"_type":186,"current":191},"Explorations and Prototyping",{"_id":540,"articles":541,"slug":559,"subtitle":560,"title":196},"b35dbac0-2580-4d8f-b314-5630bcea2243",[542,547,554],{"_id":441,"authors":543,"slug":545,"title":546},[544],{"firstName":471,"lastName":472},{"_type":186,"current":404},"How to engage with Amphibians in Switzerland?",{"_id":444,"authors":548,"slug":552,"title":553},[549,550,551],{"firstName":453,"lastName":454},{"firstName":465,"lastName":466},{"firstName":480,"lastName":481},{"_type":186,"current":407},"Amphibien – Grenzgänger zwischen Wasser und Land",{"_id":447,"authors":555,"slug":557,"title":558},[556],{"firstName":474,"lastName":475},{"_type":186,"current":410},"Perspektiven geteilter Lebensräume ",{"_type":186,"current":195},"Tools and Methods","Amphibious \nLiving",{"label":489,"value":563},"rgb(112, 143, 71)",{"_type":186,"current":411},[566,574,582,590],{"_key":567,"_type":8,"children":568,"markDefs":573,"style":24},"be5dff00b972",[569],{"_key":570,"_type":12,"marks":571,"text":572},"7dcc9fc8c346",[],"Throughout the 20th century, cities have been designed as spectacles of solid matter. Worldwide, megatons of concrete, steel and glass have been used to coat, cover and encase formidable volumes of urban space. Stable and steadfast, these solid materials have provided the basis for modern city life to unfold. ",[],{"_key":575,"_type":8,"children":576,"markDefs":581,"style":24},"f170fb96e629",[577],{"_key":578,"_type":12,"marks":579,"text":580},"84edaa18348a",[],"In contrast, many urban areas are rooted deeply in a watery past. Cities such as Berlin, New Orleans, Mumbai, Zurich, or Mexico City were built on wetlands, marshes and floodplains. Living amphibiously, with dynamic wet-and-dry relationships, was the rule, not the exception, for humans and more-than-humans alike. In these muddy habitats, the occurrence of manifold amphibious creatures signified not only flourishing landscapes but also the existence of those vital, watery conditions, which all life depends on. ",[],{"_key":583,"_type":8,"children":584,"markDefs":589,"style":24},"ce7773031013",[585],{"_key":586,"_type":12,"marks":587,"text":588},"acef788ecdb4",[],"The strategic elimination of open urban water bodies, the extensive sealing of urban soil and greenspace, as well as the radical reductionist rainwater management of the past decades influence the life of all city creatures in existential ways. Concrete surfaces can’t absorb water, turning heavy rainfalls into raging urban floods, hot summer days into deadly urban heat islands and previously flourishing volumes of vegetation into completely dry, artificial spaces. As a result, the quality of city life decreases, serious health issues emerge, amphibians go extinct, and finally, critical tipping points and collapsing ecosystems become tangible realities.",[],{"_key":591,"_type":8,"children":592,"markDefs":597,"style":24},"430c5b149c5a",[593],{"_key":594,"_type":12,"marks":595,"text":596},"d896620452b3",[],"To avoid such urban doomsday scenarios, it is time to learn and think about future urban worlds from the wet, fluid and muddy again. New ways of designing urban porosity and permeability are urgently needed. The first issue of Shared Habitats reimagines the city as a place of amphibious living. It seeks to understand the needs and living conditions of various forms of life such as frogs, toads and salamanders, at the margins of the wet and dry. And it explores urgent questions such as: How can we think, plan, and design urban spaces that allow the seemingly antagonistic elements of water and land to coexist, intermingle and provide the very basic living conditions, both for our amphibious neighbors and in the long-run, for all urbanites? How could we  transmogrify the solid into the soft and spongy? How can we reactivate the roots of the urban, demystify those muddy grounds and generate new fluid thoughts? How can we create and inhabit new pluriversal urban spaces that allow life to unfold amphibiously?",[],[599,607,615,623,631,639,647,655,663,685,693,708,716,735,743,751,759,766],{"_key":600,"_type":8,"children":601,"markDefs":606,"style":24},"e1ea4af94c78",[602],{"_key":603,"_type":12,"marks":604,"text":605},"613008fd8e4c0",[],"The Shared Habitats editions are co-developed with alternating academic and non-academic institutions. 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Consultancy Hybrid Generation: Julien Taquet (Coko-Foundation).",[733],{"_key":726,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":734},"https://nahuelgerth.de/lab/organic-grids",{"_key":736,"_type":8,"children":737,"markDefs":742,"style":16},"4f015b55a126",[738],{"_key":739,"_type":12,"marks":740,"text":741},"f4d866b321a10",[],"Printed Version",[],{"_key":744,"_type":8,"children":745,"markDefs":750,"style":24},"a5b6ad331dc4",[746],{"_key":747,"_type":12,"marks":748,"text":749},"3dd3dbb061c0",[],"The printed version of the edition Amphibious Living will be released by the end of 2026. Please reach out if you would like to receive informations about the venue.",[],{"_key":752,"_type":8,"children":753,"markDefs":758,"style":16},"e1e339175379",[754],{"_key":755,"_type":12,"marks":756,"text":757},"4b4b996a3726",[],"Imprint",[],{"_key":760,"_type":8,"children":761,"markDefs":765,"style":24},"8bb53ee61a02",[762],{"_key":747,"_type":12,"marks":763,"text":764},[],"Chair of Italian Studies and Environmental Humanities\nUniversity of St. Gallen\nUnterer Graben 21\n9000 St. Gallen\n\nCopyright © 2026",[],{"_key":767,"_type":8,"children":768,"markDefs":773,"style":24},"2302b764471d",[769],{"_key":770,"_type":12,"marks":771,"text":772},"0a1f350d7be5",[],"",[],"Editorial",{"label":489,"value":776},"rgb(185, 118, 46)","Info",{"_type":186,"current":412},"Amphibious Living",[781],{"_id":415,"blurb":782,"downloads":174,"edition":788,"number":789,"title":779},[783],{"_key":493,"_type":8,"children":784,"markDefs":787,"style":24},[785],{"_key":496,"_type":12,"marks":786,"text":498},[],[],{"_type":186,"current":411},{"_type":186,"current":412},[791,840,891,941],{"_id":792,"content":793,"relatedArticles":174,"slug":837,"title":839},"e94761ef-ed87-4a49-9e40-1b1cbc5c4435",[794],{"_key":795,"_type":8,"children":796,"markDefs":832,"style":24},"c5c36206ef9f",[797,802,806,810,814,819,823,828],{"_key":798,"_type":12,"marks":799,"text":801},"eb2ff821e3a2",[800],"em","Chytridiomycosis",{"_key":803,"_type":12,"marks":804,"text":805},"1322c371ec30",[],", or short ",{"_key":807,"_type":12,"marks":808,"text":809},"0c5cfc182572",[800],"Chytrid",{"_key":811,"_type":12,"marks":812,"text":813},"d326914f9c42",[],", is an infectious disease of amphibians caused by a fungus, which is significantly impacting populations across the globe. The ",{"_key":815,"_type":12,"marks":816,"text":818},"66002931f72a",[817],"7622926c03c1","emerging disease",{"_key":820,"_type":12,"marks":821,"text":822},"943cd372ffea",[]," has been found in over 1,300 species, causing the decline or complete extinction of hundreds of species of frogs and other amphibians. Chytrid was ",{"_key":824,"_type":12,"marks":825,"text":827},"a05869d9b929",[826],"323c93e63bdf","identified",{"_key":829,"_type":12,"marks":830,"text":831},"971fb9a312e0",[]," and described in 1998 after massive mortality events in Australia and Central America involving several species of frog. Further studies have suggested that the fungus originated on the Korean peninsula and was globally distributed by the late 1800s or early 1900s.",[833,835],{"_key":817,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":834,"linkType":92,"title":834},"https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/resource/chytridiomycosis",{"_key":826,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":836,"linkType":92,"title":836},"https://www.zsl.org/what-we-do/projects/amphibian-chytridiomycosis",{"_type":186,"current":838},"chytridiomycosis","Chytridiomycosis ",{"_id":841,"content":842,"relatedArticles":174,"slug":889,"title":853},"19617417-5eef-4763-b136-3edcb53e7363",[843],{"_key":844,"_type":8,"children":845,"markDefs":884,"style":24},"d942fdbde6d4",[846,850,854,858,863,867,872,876,880],{"_key":847,"_type":12,"marks":848,"text":849},"2675c878750c",[],"The term ",{"_key":851,"_type":12,"marks":852,"text":853},"9fb8f4ce91c3",[800],"Habitat",{"_key":855,"_type":12,"marks":856,"text":857},"1e779190c64b",[]," describes the ",{"_key":859,"_type":12,"marks":860,"text":862},"ebf4e6092689",[861],"197505f2e4b7","resources and conditions",{"_key":864,"_type":12,"marks":865,"text":866},"2c18b8f88bf7",[]," present in an area that produce occupancy, which may include survival and reproduction by a given organism. Habitat is organism-specific and is more than vegetation or vegetation structure. Physical and biotic ",{"_key":868,"_type":12,"marks":869,"text":871},"cc7ecc5335e4",[870],"2c4710af262e","factors",{"_key":873,"_type":12,"marks":874,"text":875},"45e93d80d8cd",[]," may include soil, moisture, temperature, and light intensity, as well as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators. The widespread use of the term in biology can be traced back to naturalist Carl von Linné, who—in his 1753 work ",{"_key":877,"_type":12,"marks":878,"text":879},"37f4cedc3b8a",[800],"Species Plantarum",{"_key":881,"_type":12,"marks":882,"text":883},"99c14165fbfe",[],"—started the description of each species with the Latin words “habitat in…”, which translates as “lives in…”.",[885,887],{"_key":861,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":886,"linkType":92,"title":886},"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.21121",{"_key":870,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":888,"linkType":92,"title":888},"https://sciencenotes.org/habitat-definition-types-and-examples/",{"_type":186,"current":890},"habitat",{"_id":892,"content":893,"relatedArticles":174,"slug":938,"title":940},"e6fc9fc2-80a9-49bd-b876-6fd8ee85f9ba",[894,924],{"_key":895,"_type":8,"children":896,"markDefs":919,"style":24},"dbbcd9664e2d",[897,901,906,910,915],{"_key":898,"_type":12,"marks":899,"text":900},"d67b8a0f5bb5",[],"Pondscape, short for pond landscape, refers to a network of ponds, which are restored or created to enhance ecosystems and societal ",{"_key":902,"_type":12,"marks":903,"text":905},"42167e486fd1",[904],"341dab907271","resilience",{"_key":907,"_type":12,"marks":908,"text":909},"90bcf821d30e",[],". 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Zuvor war er bei der Naturschutz-Fachstelle des Kantons Aargau, beim Umweltschutz Stadt Luzern und beim öko-forum Umweltberatung Luzern angestellt. Nebenbei engagierte er sich in verschiedenen Natur- und Umweltorganisationen und ist aktuell Co-Präsident des Landschaftsschutzverbands Hallwilersee. Gemeinsam mit Michael Stocker und Iris Scholl hat er ein ",{"_key":4288,"_type":12,"marks":4289,"text":4291},"c97f75f3e68b",[4290],"2c51358f6689","Buch über Wildtiere am Haus",{"_key":4293,"_type":12,"marks":4294,"text":4295},"474335e39fba",[]," geschrieben (Haupt Verlag).",[4297],{"_key":4290,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":4298,"linkType":92,"title":4298},"https://haupt.ch/wildtiere-am-haus/2329783258084589?srsltid=AfmBOoq4iqKoLtOXGz7BvxOIKNU1X3MGcf3_yd9w8oupY5ETZkzY9EjA",{"_type":186,"current":4300},"sebastian-meyer",{"about":4302,"firstName":480,"lastName":481,"slug":4311},[4303],{"_key":4304,"_type":8,"children":4305,"markDefs":4310,"style":24},"7a958f40d2e4",[4306],{"_key":4307,"_type":12,"marks":4308,"text":4309},"7195fcdf106f",[],"Andrea Strässle hat an der ETH Zürich Biologie studiert und am MAZ – Institut für Journalismus und Kommunikation das journalistische Handwerk gelernt. Nach einigen Jahren im Journalismus arbeitete sie als Projektleiterin und Redaktorin bei Pro Natura. Heute ist sie als Redaktorin, Produzentin, Lektorin und Korrektorin tätig.",[],{"_type":186,"current":4312},"andrea-straessle",{"slug":4314,"title":196},{"_type":186,"current":195},[4316,4324,4340,4363],{"_key":4317,"_type":8,"children":4318,"markDefs":4323,"style":24},"c7f5d5524400",[4319],{"_key":4320,"_type":12,"marks":4321,"text":4322},"78bfb66b7205",[],"Titelbild: Ein Laichteppich des Grasfrosches im Wasser. © NVV Kaiseraugst.",[],{"_key":4325,"_type":8,"children":4326,"markDefs":4339,"style":24},"8865ebe71b1c",[4327,4331,4335],{"_key":4328,"_type":12,"marks":4329,"text":4330},"baf762c2733d",[],"Kapitel 1-4: Der wesentliche Teil des vorliegenden Textes wurde mit freundlicher Genehmigung entnommen aus Gattlen, N.; Strässle, A. (2013): Frösche und Kröten: Leben zwischen Wasser und Land. In: ",{"_key":4332,"_type":12,"marks":4333,"text":4334},"5cedee93f149",[800],"Pro Natura Spezial",{"_key":4336,"_type":12,"marks":4337,"text":4338},"bcb49a0c0d08",[],", Pro Natura Basel.",[],{"_key":4341,"_type":8,"children":4342,"markDefs":4360,"style":24},"cac7fb5126f6",[4343,4347,4351,4355],{"_key":4344,"_type":12,"marks":4345,"text":4346},"abb78d3a828a",[],"Kapitel 5: Die Angaben zu den Lebensräumen der Amphibien konnte mit freundlicher Genehmigung entnommen werden aus: Meyer, S. (2010): Stichwort Amphibiengarten. In: ",{"_key":4348,"_type":12,"marks":4349,"text":4350},"e0fa0a4419b4",[800],"öko-forum",{"_key":4352,"_type":12,"marks":4353,"text":4354},"b018d9e02020",[],", Stadt Luzern. ",{"_key":4356,"_type":12,"marks":4357,"text":4359},"4141c2c5c994",[4358],"50ab3a73d92f","www.umweltberatung-luzern.ch",[4361],{"_key":4358,"_type":90,"blank":129,"href":4362,"linkType":92,"title":4362},"https://umweltberatung-luzern.ch/",{"_key":4364,"_type":8,"children":4365,"markDefs":4378,"style":24},"0c26d0ad9979",[4366,4370,4374],{"_key":4367,"_type":12,"marks":4368,"text":4369},"2f1ed26681ea",[],"Zitiervorschlag: Gattlen, N.; Meyer, S.; Strässle, A. (2026). Amphibien – Grenzgänger zwischen Wasser und Land. ",{"_key":4371,"_type":12,"marks":4372,"text":4373},"2143ed059e62",[800],"Shared Habitats, 1 (Amphibious Living). ",{"_key":4375,"_type":12,"marks":4376,"text":4377},"511187f6e202",[],"This contribution is licensed under the CC-BY-NC-ND License 4.0 International (Creative Commons, Attribution, Non Commercial, No Derivatives). The reuse of material from other sources may require further authorizations for use by the respective copyright holders.",[],[4380,4390,4399,4488,4497,4506,4514,4523,4574,4583,4592,4600,4609,4618,4627,4635,4644,4693,4702,4711,4720,4736,4745,4754,4796,4805,4814,4823,4832,4841,4850,4906,4915,4924,4933,4942,4951,4960,4969,4978,4987,5034,5043,5052,5061,5070,5118,5127,5136,5145,5154,5163,5172,5181,5190,5199,5208,5217,5226,5235,5244,5253,5262,5271,5280,5296,5312,5332,5348],{"_key":4381,"_type":8,"children":4382,"glossarDefs":4387,"id":4381,"markDefs":4388,"style":4389},"2cfbef42b7a8",[4383],{"_key":4384,"_type":12,"marks":4385,"text":4386},"5541ddda6c9d",[],"1. Über die Froschlurche",[],[],"h2",{"_key":4391,"_type":8,"children":4392,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4397,"markDefs":4398,"style":24},"6ed9cc82a20f",[4393],{"_key":4394,"_type":12,"marks":4395,"text":4396},"a38df32aafe2",[],"Frösche, Kröten und Unken zählen zu den sogenannten Froschlurchen. Die Froschlurche bilden zusammen mit den Schwanzlurchen, zu denen Salamander und Molche gehören, und den tropischen Blindwühlen, die äusserlich an grosse Regenwürmer erinnern, die Wirbeltierklasse der Amphibien. Das Leben in zwei Welten ist für die Amphibien so typisch, dass sie es in ihrem griechisch-stämmigen Namen tragen: amphi = beidseitig, bios = Leben.",[],[],{"_key":4400,"_type":8,"children":4401,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4475,"markDefs":4476,"style":24},"a0a8b91026b4",[4402,4405,4410,4414,4418,4422,4426,4430,4434,4438,4441,4445,4449,4453,4457,4461,4464,4468,4471],{"_key":4394,"_type":12,"marks":4403,"text":4404},[],"In ihrer unglaublichen Vielfalt sind die Froschlurche die mit Abstand artenreichste der drei Amphibiengruppen: Weltweit sind zurzeit über 6200 Arten bekannt. In der Schweiz kommen sieben Schwanzlurcharten und zwölf Froschlurcharten vor. Zu den ",{"_key":4406,"_type":12,"id":4406,"marks":4407,"text":4409},"442b6c3bc459",[4408],"f6ae46205711","Froschlurchen",{"_key":4411,"_type":12,"marks":4412,"text":4413},"fd62d53dde01",[]," zählen die Geburtshelferkröte, die Gelbbauchunke, zwei Laubfroscharten, die Erdkröte, die Kreuzkröte, drei mehrheitlich an Land lebende Braunfroscharten sowie drei stark ans Wasser gebundene Grünfroscharten, die als ‹Wasserfrosch-Komplex› zusammengefasst werden. Im Siedlungsraum kommen davon rund acht Arten  mehr oder weniger häufig vor: Bergmolch (",{"_key":4415,"_type":12,"id":4415,"marks":4416,"text":4417},"96496b505c4a",[800],"Mesotriton alpestris",{"_key":4419,"_type":12,"marks":4420,"text":4421},"0de555d7c447",[],"), Erdkröte (",{"_key":4423,"_type":12,"id":4423,"marks":4424,"text":4425},"b13b44c2d483",[800],"Bufo bufo)",{"_key":4427,"_type":12,"marks":4428,"text":4429},"b9f15c6791bb",[],", Fadenmolch (",{"_key":4431,"_type":12,"id":4431,"marks":4432,"text":4433},"8829e05c7324",[800],"Lissotriton helveticus)",{"_key":4435,"_type":12,"marks":4436,"text":4437},"a129dd989fd3",[],", Feuersalamander (",{"_key":4439,"_type":12,"id":4439,"marks":4440,"text":2449},"ba434cacb892",[800],{"_key":4442,"_type":12,"marks":4443,"text":4444},"9d55ac296015",[],"), Grasfrosch (",{"_key":4446,"_type":12,"id":4446,"marks":4447,"text":4448},"76595eedb5dd",[800],"Rana temporaria)",{"_key":4450,"_type":12,"marks":4451,"text":4452},"3b62872061e8",[],", Geburtshelferkröte (",{"_key":4454,"_type":12,"id":4454,"marks":4455,"text":4456},"2deb0f90175f",[800],"Alytes obstetricans), ",{"_key":4458,"_type":12,"marks":4459,"text":4460},"ff1ba382b625",[],"Gelbbauchunke (",{"_key":4462,"_type":12,"id":4462,"marks":4463,"text":3972},"4fdfa9d2b1ca",[800],{"_key":4465,"_type":12,"marks":4466,"text":4467},"06d4e83bb8cc",[],"), sowie die Arten aus dem Wasserfrosch-Komplex (",{"_key":4469,"_type":12,"id":4469,"marks":4470,"text":3584},"be623b5eaeb4",[800],{"_key":4472,"_type":12,"marks":4473,"text":4474},"4f7ff957ba18",[],").",[],[4477],{"_key":4408,"_type":4478,"content":4479,"id":4408},"footnote",[4480],{"_key":4481,"_type":8,"children":4482,"markDefs":4487,"style":24},"0584351f5476",[4483],{"_key":4484,"_type":12,"marks":4485,"text":4486},"1ed256f02ab7",[],"Landläufig werden Froschlurche mit eher glatter, feuchter Haut als “Frösche” bezeichnet, während solche mit trockener, warziger Haut “Kröten” genannt werden. Das ist jedoch keine wissenschaftliche Unterscheidung. Die Biologen unterteilen die Froschlurche weltweit vielmehr in über 50 verschiedene Familien. Wissenschaftlich betrachtet sind manche sogenannten “Kröten” entfernter miteinander verwandt als mancher “Frosch” mit einer “Kröte”. Schliesslich wird der Begriff “Frösche” manchmal auch vereinfachend für alle Froschlurcharten verwendet.",[],{"_key":4489,"_type":8,"children":4490,"glossarDefs":4495,"id":4489,"markDefs":4496,"style":16},"9e7f1f11c670",[4491],{"_key":4492,"_type":12,"marks":4493,"text":4494},"4c429217005b",[],"Der Sprung an Land",[],[],{"_key":4498,"_type":8,"children":4499,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4504,"markDefs":4505,"style":24},"24f054e779d8",[4500],{"_key":4501,"_type":12,"marks":4502,"text":4503},"2a4fcaa2a8e9",[],"Jahr für Jahr verwandeln sich in Pfützen, Tümpeln und Weihern Abertausende fischähnlicher Kaulquappen in landbewohnende Frösche und Kröten. In dieser tiefgreifenden Umwandlung spiegelt sich die Stammesgeschichte der Wirbeltiere. Fossilienfunde zeigen, dass die Amphibien vor mehr als 200 Millionen Jahren als erste Wirbeltiere an Land gingen. Warum sie das Wasser verliessen, ist nicht ganz geklärt. Womöglich zwangen häufigere Trockenperioden die Ur-Amphibien, ausgetrocknete Tümpel zu verlassen und neue aufzusuchen. Im Laufe der Erdgeschichte haben Frösche und Kröten die verschiedensten Lebensräume erobert. Heute gibt es Froschlurche auf allen Kontinenten mit Ausnahme der Antarktis. Die meisten Arten finden sich in den warmen und feuchten Regionen der Erde. Einige kommen jedoch auch in extremen Lebensräumen zurecht, wie in trockenen Steppen oder Wüsten, im Hochgebirge oder – wie etwa der Grasfrosch in Europa – nördlich des Polarkreises.",[],[],{"_key":4507,"_type":8,"children":4508,"glossarDefs":4512,"id":4507,"markDefs":4513,"style":16},"87ef0dfe6380",[4509],{"_key":4501,"_type":12,"marks":4510,"text":4511},[],"Die richtige Atemtechnik",[],[],{"_key":4515,"_type":8,"children":4516,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4521,"markDefs":4522,"style":24},"cf149b9d1c25",[4517],{"_key":4518,"_type":12,"marks":4519,"text":4520},"b8d705c9cb38",[],"Frösche und Kröten sind dem Leben zu Wasser und zu Land hervorragend angepasst. Ein Knackpunkt ist die Atmung: Kaulquappen atmen durch Kiemen und über die Haut. Mit der Umwandlung zum Landtier tritt an die Stelle der Kiemenatmung die Lungenatmung. Da Frösche weder Rippen noch Zwerchfell besitzen, können sie nicht wie wir Menschen atmen, sondern haben eine andere Technik entwickelt: Der Frosch füllt seine Mundhöhle mit Luft, verschliesst dann Maul und Nasenlöcher, drückt die Kehlhaut hoch und presst in einer Art Schluckbewegung die Luft in die Lungen. Parallel dazu beherrschen aber auch erwachsene Frösche das Kunststück der Hautatmung. In sauerstoffreichem Wasser können die Tiere deshalb stundenlang auf Tauchstation bleiben. Um über die Haut atmen zu können, muss diese immer feucht bleiben. Die Haut von Fröschen und Kröten ist deshalb reich an Schleimdrüsen. Der Schleimfilm bietet der dünnen und nackten Froschhaut zudem einen gewissen Schutz vor Verletzungen. Andere Drüsen sondern mehr oder weniger giftige Sekrete ab. Diese schützen die Haut vor Pilzen und Bakterien und schrecken zugleich Fressfeinde ab.",[],[],{"_key":4524,"_type":4525,"caption":4526,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":4536,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":1404},"4a3ae24bf57a","pictureBlockArticle",[4527],{"_key":4528,"_type":8,"children":4529,"markDefs":4534,"style":24},"8e5106eff9b9",[4530],{"_key":4531,"_type":12,"marks":4532,"text":4533},"6b889b4c232a",[],"Blick auf eine davonschwimmende Kreuzkröte. © Davide Köpfli.",[],"left",{"_type":212,"asset":4537},{"_createdAt":4538,"_id":4539,"_rev":4540,"_type":117,"_updatedAt":4538,"assetId":4541,"extension":119,"metadata":4542,"mimeType":156,"originalFilename":4568,"path":4569,"sha1hash":4541,"size":4570,"uploadId":4571,"url":4572},"2026-05-03T20:07:39Z","image-b14551b54127738d9fdbd5b78a53a90a7efb1f3a-2800x1987-jpg","8ejm7yxhwRT4gOeFS9YPUZ","b14551b54127738d9fdbd5b78a53a90a7efb1f3a",{"_type":121,"blurHash":4543,"dimensions":4544,"hasAlpha":128,"isOpaque":129,"lqip":4548,"palette":4549,"thumbHash":4567},"V4CjUXyT00Dk0200S%~Cwb?a4WMyM*%MD%v.$}c6I.s;",{"_type":124,"aspectRatio":4545,"height":4546,"width":4547},1.409159536990438,1987,2800,"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAAOABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAGQAAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYEBQcI/8QAJRAAAgICAAUEAwAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAAFBgcRElETFCFBIzFh/8QAFgEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgQF/8QAGhEBAAMAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQACEQMSQf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Azbl9oq0WmjmmRvVsjqWHg/WNu101OsUiaJwpHUgH4yp5G7n39FtfZiDtV+Ucj6x+swwWjbecN6VRCzAftx4zN5NbowlfZzdxhqIqG9mirH8TAOv864ZG4r2x2e9s2EQxR93aqeAMMvoPU2Kf/9k=",{"_type":132,"darkMuted":4550,"darkVibrant":4553,"dominant":4555,"lightMuted":4558,"lightVibrant":4561,"muted":4564,"vibrant":4565},{"_type":134,"background":4551,"foreground":136,"population":4552,"title":136},"#40532c",3.62,{"_type":134,"background":4554,"foreground":136,"population":3544,"title":136},"#4f5723",{"_type":134,"background":4556,"foreground":136,"population":4557,"title":136},"#8b9b62",6.9,{"_type":134,"background":4559,"foreground":146,"population":4560,"title":136},"#c0cca6",6.14,{"_type":134,"background":4562,"foreground":146,"population":4563,"title":136},"#a2c26d",0.46,{"_type":134,"background":4556,"foreground":136,"population":4557,"title":136},{"_type":134,"background":4566,"foreground":146,"population":2282,"title":136},"#99bc4c","1PgNFYIIR2h1iXh1h3eIhgdmJA3V","07_amphibien_intro.jpg","images/b1bmokl0/setv03/b14551b54127738d9fdbd5b78a53a90a7efb1f3a-2800x1987.jpg",611941,"yKTkQrBGojNKRMPOQADhp9NQNzfUQR66","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/b1bmokl0/setv03/b14551b54127738d9fdbd5b78a53a90a7efb1f3a-2800x1987.jpg","default",{"_key":4575,"_type":8,"children":4576,"glossarDefs":4581,"id":4575,"markDefs":4582,"style":16},"f9e8177df636",[4577],{"_key":4578,"_type":12,"marks":4579,"text":4580},"6a45a236fd51",[],"‹Chamäleon› Laubfrosch",[],[],{"_key":4584,"_type":8,"children":4585,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4590,"markDefs":4591,"style":24},"59b97c9e0d2b",[4586],{"_key":4587,"_type":12,"marks":4588,"text":4589},"527b2ca161e8",[],"Einen weiteren Trick verdanken Frösche ihrer Haut: Die Tiere können unterschiedlich ausgeprägt ihre Farbe verändern. Der Meister im Wechseln der Farben unter den in der Schweiz einheimischen Arten ist der Laubfrosch. Meist ist er in seinem hellgrünen Kleid im Blätterwerk kaum zu entdecken. Doch er kann auch anders: Seine Farbpalette reicht von Blattgrün über Oliv und Grau bis zu Brauntönen. Der Farbwechsel dient dabei nicht immer der Tarnung: Es finden sich auch Tiere, die sich stark von ihrer Unterlage abheben. Man vermutet deshalb, dass auch Temperatur, Helligkeit, Feuchtigkeit oder schlicht ihr Wohlbefinden das Farbkleid des Laubfrosches beeinflussen.",[],[],{"_key":4593,"_type":8,"children":4594,"glossarDefs":4598,"id":4593,"markDefs":4599,"style":16},"83a11e3d6c87",[4595],{"_key":4587,"_type":12,"marks":4596,"text":4597},[],"Vom Liebeslied, Brutpflege und Wechselgesang",[],[],{"_key":4601,"_type":8,"children":4602,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4607,"markDefs":4608,"style":24},"919329073e43",[4603],{"_key":4604,"_type":12,"marks":4605,"text":4606},"a583ad964ab7",[],"Wenn Laubfroschmännchen ihr Liebeslied anstimmen, erreichen sie eine Lautstärke von sagenhaften 90 Dezibel – so laut wie ein bellender Schäferhund. Möglich macht es die grosse Schallblase an der Kehle des Laubfrosches. Das Männchen saugt Luft in seine Lunge und lässt sie zwischen Lunge und geschlossenem Mund hin- und herfliessen. Die Stimmbänder geraten in Schwingung, die Schallblase verstärkt die Töne zu einem laut meckernden Äp-äp-äp.",[],[],{"_key":4610,"_type":8,"children":4611,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4616,"markDefs":4617,"style":24},"6d1c5d2b7536",[4612],{"_key":4613,"_type":12,"marks":4614,"text":4615},"4b3e91c5d0d7",[],"Neben dem Paarungsruf kennen die Froschlurche drei weitere Arten von Rufen: Revier-, Befreiungs- und Schreckrufe. Der Revierruf gleicht dem Paarungsruf, er ist aber kürzer und einfacher. Er wird ausgerufen, wenn sich Konkurrenten nähern. Männchen wie Weibchen können auch Befreiungslaute von sich geben. Männchen wehren sich so gegen die Umklammerung durch andere Männchen, nicht paarungsbereite Weibchen versuchen damit aufdringliche Bewerber loszuwerden. Beide Geschlechter können ausserdem einen Schreckruf ausstossen. Dazu öffnen die Tiere häufig ihr Maul, womöglich, um den Feind zu beeindrucken.",[],[],{"_key":4619,"_type":8,"children":4620,"glossarDefs":4625,"id":4619,"markDefs":4626,"style":4389},"5a0694bb5a09",[4621],{"_key":4622,"_type":12,"marks":4623,"text":4624},"7af7b4a77f37",[],"2. Ein Amphibienjahr",[],[],{"_key":4628,"_type":8,"children":4629,"glossarDefs":4633,"id":4628,"markDefs":4634,"style":16},"3fe59240bb2d",[4630],{"_key":4622,"_type":12,"marks":4631,"text":4632},[],"Den Winter aussitzen",[],[],{"_key":4636,"_type":8,"children":4637,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4642,"markDefs":4643,"style":24},"ec362eb997b4",[4638],{"_key":4639,"_type":12,"marks":4640,"text":4641},"f0d0f6e89a16",[],"Frösche und Kröten sind wechselwarme Tiere. Das heisst, dass sich ihre Körpertemperatur nach der Umgebung richtet. Je nach Art gibt es einen bestimmten Temperaturbereich, in dem sich die Tiere am wohlsten fühlen, sich bewegen, fressen und sich fortpflanzen. Wird es im Herbst kälter, werden Frösche und Kröten immer träger. Schliesslich verkriechen sie sich in ein Erdloch, unter einen Asthaufen, im Schlamm oder in ein anderes frostsicheres Versteck, in dem sie in Winterstarre fallen.",[],[],{"_key":4645,"_type":4525,"caption":4646,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":4655,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":4692},"1b1e0461754a",[4647],{"_key":4648,"_type":8,"children":4649,"markDefs":4654,"style":24},"72f63f31bc31",[4650],{"_key":4651,"_type":12,"marks":4652,"text":4653},"9204931e81d4",[],"Überblick über die Zeitspanne, in der verschiedene Amphibienarten am Gewässer und an Land anzutreffen sind. © Stadt Luzern, öko-forum.",[],{"_type":212,"asset":4656},{"_createdAt":4657,"_id":4658,"_rev":4659,"_type":117,"_updatedAt":4657,"assetId":4660,"extension":218,"metadata":4661,"mimeType":241,"originalFilename":4687,"path":4688,"sha1hash":4660,"size":4689,"uploadId":4690,"url":4691},"2026-05-04T16:21:43Z","image-fcb7bd9e703f107ac7ddf3caf26754dab9e500e2-12500x8333-png","2Ja1vG7biIb634RK9PBV0d","fcb7bd9e703f107ac7ddf3caf26754dab9e500e2",{"_type":121,"blurHash":4662,"dimensions":4663,"hasAlpha":128,"isOpaque":129,"lqip":4667,"palette":4668,"thumbHash":4686},"VEQv%a%6_4OORFX2aes?bbbC-?ImM_%4kPx^jKW8fzoi",{"_type":124,"aspectRatio":4664,"height":4665,"width":4666},1.500060002400096,8333,12500,"data:image/png;base64,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",{"_type":132,"darkMuted":4669,"darkVibrant":4672,"dominant":4674,"lightMuted":4677,"lightVibrant":4680,"muted":4681,"vibrant":4684},{"_type":134,"background":4670,"foreground":136,"population":4671,"title":136},"#3d4243",0.16,{"_type":134,"background":4673,"foreground":136,"population":1398,"title":136},"#a7702b",{"_type":134,"background":4675,"foreground":146,"population":4676,"title":146},"#c0ef83",3.04,{"_type":134,"background":4678,"foreground":146,"population":4679,"title":146},"#dfc7bc",2.28,{"_type":134,"background":4675,"foreground":146,"population":4676,"title":146},{"_type":134,"background":4682,"foreground":136,"population":4683,"title":136},"#a58f5b",0.56,{"_type":134,"background":4685,"foreground":136,"population":154,"title":136},"#bc7434","ePgFDYD6c3Z1iXddpYdoaDCK8U7J","Diagramme Shared Habitats_cm.png","images/b1bmokl0/setv03/fcb7bd9e703f107ac7ddf3caf26754dab9e500e2-12500x8333.png",795459,"etrSKOXr1Yhv44a1HQ6q3SVL7OqCmn6U","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/b1bmokl0/setv03/fcb7bd9e703f107ac7ddf3caf26754dab9e500e2-12500x8333.png",2,{"_key":4694,"_type":8,"children":4695,"glossarDefs":4700,"id":4694,"markDefs":4701,"style":16},"8e78fe1b30c2",[4696],{"_key":4697,"_type":12,"marks":4698,"text":4699},"9ddf91846f44",[],"Ohne Wasser verloren",[],[],{"_key":4703,"_type":8,"children":4704,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4709,"markDefs":4710,"style":24},"0dd8d9842e6e",[4705],{"_key":4706,"_type":12,"marks":4707,"text":4708},"7f6a5ef0fa17",[],"Mit den steigenden Frühlingstemperaturen kommt wieder Bewegung in die Tiere. Zielstrebig machen sie sich auf den Weg zu ihren Laichgewässern. Alle einheimischen Froschlurche sind mindestens für die Fortpflanzung zwingend auf Wasser angewiesen. Das macht sie verletzlich, denn in den letzten 200 Jahren wurde unsere Landschaft gründlich entwässert. Die Flüsse wurden eingedämmt, die Auen zerstört, Quellen gefasst, Moore trockengelegt und das Kulturland mit Drainagesystemen ausgestattet. Mit verheerenden Folgen für Amphibien: 15 von 19 Amphibienarten der Schweiz stehen auf der Roten Liste.",[],[],{"_key":4712,"_type":8,"children":4713,"glossarDefs":4718,"id":4712,"markDefs":4719,"style":16},"78b4cbcd4f29",[4714],{"_key":4715,"_type":12,"marks":4716,"text":4717},"1e1c73324e33",[],"Mehr an Land als im Wasser",[],[],{"_key":4721,"_type":8,"children":4722,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4734,"markDefs":4735,"style":24},"dd0dab60747a",[4723,4727,4730],{"_key":4724,"_type":12,"marks":4725,"text":4726},"fb5d0cd291f3",[],"Nebst dem Mangel an Wasser in der Landschaft erschwert den Fröschen auch der Verlust attraktiver Landlebensräume das Überleben. Entgegen der gängigen Vorstellung verbringen die meisten Frösche und Kröten nämlich mehr Zeit ihres Lebens an Land als im Gewässer. Grasfrosch, Erdkröte und Kreuzkröte etwa wandern kurz nach dem Ablaichen bereits wieder zurück in die nahen Wälder und Wiesen. Andere Arten wie die Gelbbauchunke bleiben etwas länger, aber auch sie nehmen nach einigen Wochen bis Monaten wieder festen Boden unter die Füsse. Nur die Arten des Wasserfrosch-Komplex (",{"_key":4728,"_type":12,"id":4728,"marks":4729,"text":3584},"1eb27942bf26",[800],{"_key":4731,"_type":12,"marks":4732,"text":4733},"dc8c98b884be",[],") bleiben fast ständig im und am Wasser. Um zu überleben, brauchen unsere Amphibien deshalb beides: ein möglichst dichtes Netz von Gewässern und Feuchtgebieten sowie eine strukturreiche, naturnahe Umgebung. Nur so können sie auch in Zukunft ihr faszinierendes Doppelleben führen.",[],[],{"_key":4737,"_type":8,"children":4738,"glossarDefs":4743,"id":4737,"markDefs":4744,"style":16},"93310ea270f0",[4739],{"_key":4740,"_type":12,"marks":4741,"text":4742},"9cb8945fa896",[],"Auf Wanderschaft",[],[],{"_key":4746,"_type":8,"children":4747,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4752,"markDefs":4753,"style":24},"012aa5676dca",[4748],{"_key":4749,"_type":12,"marks":4750,"text":4751},"bbecd21e263c",[],"Die meisten Frösche und Kröten sind mehrmals im Jahr unterwegs. Kriechend, hüpfend und kletternd legen sie oft mehrere Kilometer zurück – und riskieren dabei ihr Leben. Wenn im März die Temperaturen auf über 5 Grad Celsius steigen, erwachen die Erdkröten aus der Winterruhe und machen sich nachts in Heerscharen auf zu ihren Laichgewässern. Oft sind diese nur wenige Hundert Meter weit entfernt, manchmal bis zu sechs Kilometer. Dann kann sich die Reise über mehrere Wochen hinziehen.",[],[],{"_key":4755,"_type":4525,"caption":4756,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":4765,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":4795},"5b0e78f34647",[4757],{"_key":4758,"_type":8,"children":4759,"markDefs":4764,"style":24},"2e46576079bd",[4760],{"_key":4761,"_type":12,"marks":4762,"text":4763},"3c75f0d2f529",[],"Unterschiedliche Wanderdistanzen einiger ausgewählter Amphibien. © Stadt Luzern, öko-forum.",[],{"_type":212,"asset":4766},{"_createdAt":4767,"_id":4768,"_rev":4769,"_type":117,"_updatedAt":4767,"assetId":4770,"extension":218,"metadata":4771,"mimeType":241,"originalFilename":4790,"path":4791,"sha1hash":4770,"size":4792,"uploadId":4793,"url":4794},"2026-05-04T16:19:50Z","image-3fb9e20a3e41fcd3f39d4d472780f5027bf7dcde-12500x8333-png","8ejm7yxhwRT4gOeFSJrIGb","3fb9e20a3e41fcd3f39d4d472780f5027bf7dcde",{"_type":121,"blurHash":4772,"dimensions":4773,"hasAlpha":128,"isOpaque":129,"lqip":4774,"palette":4775,"thumbHash":4789},"VMR3r}WU=R-YR$E?no$nj[WTjKsFNXNpoN$-WCNXk9sr",{"_type":124,"aspectRatio":4664,"height":4665,"width":4666},"data:image/png;base64,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",{"_type":132,"darkMuted":4776,"darkVibrant":4778,"dominant":4780,"lightMuted":4782,"lightVibrant":4784,"muted":4785,"vibrant":4787},{"_type":134,"background":4777,"foreground":136,"population":154,"title":136},"#4c4444",{"_type":134,"background":4779,"foreground":136,"population":154,"title":136},"#4f7a09",{"_type":134,"background":4781,"foreground":146,"population":1398,"title":146},"#c3fc7a",{"_type":134,"background":4783,"foreground":146,"population":154,"title":136},"#b4acc4",{"_type":134,"background":4781,"foreground":146,"population":1398,"title":146},{"_type":134,"background":4786,"foreground":136,"population":154,"title":136},"#847c94",{"_type":134,"background":4788,"foreground":146,"population":2282,"title":146},"#b9f25c","uegFFYLmamOAi2eYVZlXagduhh+Z","Diagramme Shared Habitats_cm2.png","images/b1bmokl0/setv03/3fb9e20a3e41fcd3f39d4d472780f5027bf7dcde-12500x8333.png",541310,"m6kA4v7dY6BdxtHrth4bifrbEJTFJa9d","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/b1bmokl0/setv03/3fb9e20a3e41fcd3f39d4d472780f5027bf7dcde-12500x8333.png",3,{"_key":4797,"_type":8,"children":4798,"glossarDefs":4803,"id":4797,"markDefs":4804,"style":16},"99816f2bb392",[4799],{"_key":4800,"_type":12,"marks":4801,"text":4802},"abbe36399bad",[],"Wenn es Frösche regnet",[],[],{"_key":4806,"_type":8,"children":4807,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4812,"markDefs":4813,"style":24},"3b1ace13d0cf",[4808],{"_key":4809,"_type":12,"marks":4810,"text":4811},"0f55f8ae8ece",[],"Nach der Paarung wandern die erwachsenen Tiere wieder vom Wasser weg in ihre Sommerlebensräume. Da dieser Rückzug über viele Wochen hinweg und selten in grossen Gruppen erfolgt, fällt er weniger ins Auge. Nach der Metamorphose folgen auch die Jungtiere ihren Eltern nach. ‹Froschregen› nennt der Volksmund das Spektakel, wenn Tausende von jungen Grasfröschen aus ihrem Geburtsgewässer ausschwärmen. Über die Wanderung der Jungtiere ist noch vieles unbekannt. Man geht aber davon aus, dass vor allem junge Tiere die Landschaft auf der Suche nach neuen Lebensräumen durchstreifen. Junge Laubfrösche legen auf solchen Erkundungstouren schon einmal Distanzen von bis zu zehn Kilometern zurück. Manche Abenteurer scheinen zwei bis drei Jahre lang in unbekanntem Terrain unterwegs zu sein.",[],[],{"_key":4815,"_type":8,"children":4816,"glossarDefs":4821,"id":4815,"markDefs":4822,"style":16},"1cf3df390fe3",[4817],{"_key":4818,"_type":12,"marks":4819,"text":4820},"12be5ede7841",[],"Huschend und hüpfend",[],[],{"_key":4824,"_type":8,"children":4825,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4830,"markDefs":4831,"style":24},"22b0534922e1",[4826],{"_key":4827,"_type":12,"marks":4828,"text":4829},"c8978096d34d",[],"Je nach Lebensweise und Terrain haben Frösche und Kröten verschiedene Arten der Fortbewegung entwickelt. Die Kreuzkröte etwa bewegt sich meist in wenig überwachsenem Gelände. Mit ihren kurzen Hinterbeinen hüpft sie nicht, sondern huscht mit raschen Schritten vorwärts. Der Grasfrosch ist meist laufend unterwegs, ergreift bei Gefahr jedoch hüpfend die Flucht. Der Springfrosch springt mit seinen langen, kräftigen Hinterbeinen bis einen Meter hoch und zwei Meter weit. Auch Laubfrösche sind gute Springer, zusätzlich aber ausgezeichnete Kletterer: Ihre schlanken Finger sind mit saugnapfartigen Haftscheiben versehen, von denen jede aus 13'000 bis 19'000 mikroskopisch kleinen Saugnäpfchen besteht.",[],[],{"_key":4833,"_type":8,"children":4834,"glossarDefs":4839,"id":4833,"markDefs":4840,"style":16},"fa26a62af2f0",[4835],{"_key":4836,"_type":12,"marks":4837,"text":4838},"12374ab35634",[],"Wo gehts lang?",[],[],{"_key":4842,"_type":8,"children":4843,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4848,"markDefs":4849,"style":24},"a7d6e7cda9b3",[4844],{"_key":4845,"_type":12,"marks":4846,"text":4847},"d8340a7c2941",[],"Auf ihren Wanderungen zwischen Laichgewässern und Landlebensräumen legen Froschlurche beachtliche Strecken zurück. Doch wie finden die Tiere bloss den Weg? Diese Frage ist nicht restlos geklärt. Eine Vielzahl verschiedener Reize scheint ihnen den Weg zu weisen. Erdkröten orientieren sich sowohl an Geländemarken als auch am spezifischen Algenduft ihres Geburtsgewässers. Aber auch die Rufe von Artgenoss:innen, das Magnetfeld und die Position von Mond und Sternen dienen Amphibien als Orientierungshilfe.",[],[],{"_key":4851,"_type":4525,"caption":4852,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":4868,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":4905},"0145aa748105",[4853,4861],{"_key":4854,"_type":8,"children":4855,"markDefs":4860,"style":24},"2912592908e1",[4856],{"_key":4857,"_type":12,"marks":4858,"text":4859},"f1528d7a5a09",[],"links: \nWeibchen des Bergmolchs. © Sophie Büchi. ",[],{"_key":4862,"_type":8,"children":4863,"markDefs":4867,"style":24},"8c543e4f5340",[4864],{"_key":4857,"_type":12,"marks":4865,"text":4866},[],"rechts: \nZwei Erdkröten auf dem Weg zum Laichgewässer. Das Männchen klammert sich dabei am Rücken des Weibchens fest. © Davide Köpfli. 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Neben Grasfröschen geraten besonders Erdkröten wortwörtlich unter die Räder. Die kriechenden Tiere kommen nur langsam voran und nehmen im Scheinwerferlicht häufig eine Schreckstellung ein. Die Weibchen werden zudem von paarungsbereiten Männchen behindert, die sich an ihren Rücken klammern und sich zum Gewässer tragen lassen. So benötigen Erdkröten zum Überqueren einer sieben Meter breiten Strasse nicht selten 15 bis 20 Minuten. Entsprechend hoch sind die Opferzahlen.",[],[],{"_key":4916,"_type":8,"children":4917,"glossarDefs":4922,"id":4916,"markDefs":4923,"style":16},"949dd4328147",[4918],{"_key":4919,"_type":12,"marks":4920,"text":4921},"4901f0a7e026",[],"Mit Zaun und Eimer",[],[],{"_key":4925,"_type":8,"children":4926,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4931,"markDefs":4932,"style":24},"d7033eab8ed6",[4927],{"_key":4928,"_type":12,"marks":4929,"text":4930},"8264d83dce62",[],"Vor rund 35 Jahren machten Umweltschützer:innen erstmals auf das Massensterben der Erdkröten und Grasfrösche auf den Schweizer Strassen aufmerksam. Die Koordinationsstelle für Amphibien- und Reptilienschutz in der Schweiz (karch) hat gemeinsam mit den Kantonen rund 1'000 besonders problematische Strassenabschnitte lokalisiert. An manchen davon bestehen fixe Durchlässe, einige wenige werden alljährlich vorübergehend gesperrt. An den meisten Übergängen aber hängt das Schicksal der Frösche von freiwilligen Helfer:innen ab. Jedes Jahr werden in der Schweiz über 2'000 Zäune erstellt und 700'000 Frösche in Eimern auf die gegenüberliegende Strassenseite transportiert, und zwar unentgeltlich. Manche Strassenübergänge sind jedoch nach wie vor ungeschützt. Verkehrsteilnehmer:innen sind deshalb gebeten, solche gefährlichen Abschnitte zu den Wanderzeiten wo immer möglich zu umfahren oder nur im Schritttempo zu passieren.",[],[],{"_key":4934,"_type":8,"children":4935,"glossarDefs":4940,"id":4934,"markDefs":4941,"style":4389},"21e465f38822",[4936],{"_key":4937,"_type":12,"marks":4938,"text":4939},"1be2f24a0897",[],"3. Evolution im Zeitraffer am Beispiel der Froschlurche",[],[],{"_key":4943,"_type":8,"children":4944,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4949,"markDefs":4950,"style":24},"566e6b2d822e",[4945],{"_key":4946,"_type":12,"marks":4947,"text":4948},"bd96cc975da2",[],"Die Verwandlung von der Kaulquappe zum Frosch ist eines der erstaunlichsten Wunder der Natur. Während der Metamorphose wandelt sich der Körper der Amphibien grundlegend um. Im Frühling legen Frösche und Kröten ganze Teppiche von Eiern und meterlange Laichschnüre ins Wasser, um sie dann sich selbst zu überlassen. Anstatt den Nachwuchs zu hegen, setzen fast alle einheimischen Froschlurche auf das Prinzip Masse: Die gewaltige Menge an Eiern erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass einige Nachkommen das Erwachsenenalter erreichen. Bereits dem Laich drohen vielerlei Gefahren: Fressfeinde wie Molche, Enten oder Fische tun sich an der Fülle von Eiern gütlich. Verpilzung, später Frost oder das Austrocknen des Laichs können ebenfalls grosse Teile der Eier vernichten.",[],[],{"_key":4952,"_type":8,"children":4953,"glossarDefs":4958,"id":4952,"markDefs":4959,"style":16},"6b2a11467a09",[4954],{"_key":4955,"_type":12,"marks":4956,"text":4957},"da1d6c7b6f10",[],"Frisch geschlüpft",[],[],{"_key":4961,"_type":8,"children":4962,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4967,"markDefs":4968,"style":24},"f39cc44b57cc",[4963],{"_key":4964,"_type":12,"marks":4965,"text":4966},"45ec283ab3eb",[],"Im Glücksfall schlüpfen jedoch wenige Tage nach der Laichablage winzige Larven aus den Eiern. Mithilfe von zwei Haftorganen zwischen Mund und Bauch bleiben diese noch unbeholfenen Wesen zunächst an den Laichresten oder an Wasserpflanzen hängen und zehren von ihrem Dottervorrat. Erst wenn die Kiemen, der Ruderschwanz und das Verdauungssystem fertig ausgebildet sind, schwimmt die Kaulquappe frei und beginnt zu fressen.",[],[],{"_key":4970,"_type":8,"children":4971,"glossarDefs":4976,"id":4970,"markDefs":4977,"style":16},"fc2157f3a403",[4972],{"_key":4973,"_type":12,"marks":4974,"text":4975},"1523b0bb33f6",[],"Sagenhafter Wandel",[],[],{"_key":4979,"_type":8,"children":4980,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":4985,"markDefs":4986,"style":24},"668c00957469",[4981],{"_key":4982,"_type":12,"marks":4983,"text":4984},"68a9e34a1c32",[],"Allmählich wachsen der Kaulquappe Beine: Zuerst sind nur die Hinterbeine sichtbar. Die Vorderbeine bleiben vorerst in der Kiementasche versteckt und brechen erst voll ausgebildet mit den Ellbogen voran durch die Körperwand. Damit beginnt der spektakulärste Teil der Entwicklung: die Umwandlung vom Wasser- zum Landtier, Metamorphose genannt. Die Lunge entwickelt sich, Kiemen und bei den Froschlurchen auch der Ruderschwanz bilden sich zurück, der Blutkreislauf und das Nervensystem formatieren sich neu. Der Hornschnabel wird abgeworfen und im Froschmaul bildet sich die Zunge. Der lange Pflanzenfresserdarm wird in einen kürzeren Fleischfresserdarm umgebaut. Das Skelett nimmt eine neue Gestalt an, die Augen wölben sich vor, das Mittelohr und das Trommelfell entwickeln sich, die Haut wird dicker und verhornt. Dieser unglaubliche Umbau betrifft fast alle Organe und Gewebe. Er ist so umfassend, dass die Kaulquappe einige Tage lang nicht frisst. Sie ernährt sich stattdessen von den Reserven des sich zurückbildenden Schwanzes. Bald darauf steigen die ersten jungen Frösche an Land.",[],[],{"_key":4988,"_type":4525,"caption":4989,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":4998,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":5033},"156155975f7c",[4990],{"_key":4991,"_type":8,"children":4992,"markDefs":4997,"style":24},"a0eaaa624471",[4993],{"_key":4994,"_type":12,"marks":4995,"text":4996},"70d2a7e01c71",[],"Ein noch junger Grasfrosch, nicht grösser als ein Buchenblatt. © Davide Köpfli. ",[],{"_type":212,"asset":4999},{"_createdAt":5000,"_id":5001,"_rev":5002,"_type":117,"_updatedAt":5000,"assetId":5003,"extension":119,"metadata":5004,"mimeType":156,"originalFilename":5028,"path":5029,"sha1hash":5003,"size":5030,"uploadId":5031,"url":5032},"2026-05-03T20:45:07Z","image-106db6c70df5d4ce2f4948f86086f0460d98f767-2800x1987-jpg","2Ja1vG7biIb634RK9Gbm6j","106db6c70df5d4ce2f4948f86086f0460d98f767",{"_type":121,"blurHash":5005,"dimensions":5006,"hasAlpha":128,"isOpaque":129,"lqip":5007,"palette":5008,"thumbHash":5027},"VEI#PxT1t+.6k8yG%3r?n4Vst84:9uWEogw]IoIVkXkX",{"_type":124,"aspectRatio":4545,"height":4546,"width":4547},"data:image/jpeg;base64,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",{"_type":132,"darkMuted":5009,"darkVibrant":5012,"dominant":5015,"lightMuted":5017,"lightVibrant":5020,"muted":5021,"vibrant":5024},{"_type":134,"background":5010,"foreground":136,"population":5011,"title":136},"#412e25",1.66,{"_type":134,"background":5013,"foreground":136,"population":5014,"title":136},"#5d3f2c",1.74,{"_type":134,"background":5016,"foreground":146,"population":137,"title":136},"#d9c2a8",{"_type":134,"background":5018,"foreground":146,"population":5019,"title":136},"#c1a68b",6.47,{"_type":134,"background":5016,"foreground":146,"population":137,"title":136},{"_type":134,"background":5022,"foreground":136,"population":5023,"title":136},"#a48969",5.63,{"_type":134,"background":5025,"foreground":146,"population":5026,"title":136},"#c09561",0.21,"ohgGFYKYe3W8d2YKZHllkXRwJwGZ","02_amphibien_intro.jpg","images/b1bmokl0/setv03/106db6c70df5d4ce2f4948f86086f0460d98f767-2800x1987.jpg",865080,"x8aSoeUebp9oS0ange4Zj1Q1HJOKmAlb","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/b1bmokl0/setv03/106db6c70df5d4ce2f4948f86086f0460d98f767-2800x1987.jpg",5,{"_key":5035,"_type":8,"children":5036,"glossarDefs":5041,"id":5035,"markDefs":5042,"style":16},"4ca8b8b92261",[5037],{"_key":5038,"_type":12,"marks":5039,"text":5040},"714a4fb715cb",[],"Von fix bis bedächtig",[],[],{"_key":5044,"_type":8,"children":5045,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5050,"markDefs":5051,"style":24},"046efde5a127",[5046],{"_key":5047,"_type":12,"marks":5048,"text":5049},"c3f3c279a7e3",[],"Das Tempo dieser Entwicklung hängt von der Froschart und den Umweltbedingungen wie Wassertemperatur oder Nahrungsangebot ab. Rasant entwickeln sich etwa die Larven der Gelbbauchunke: Sie können sich bereits nach gut einem Monat zu landlebenden Tieren umwandeln. Die Larven der Geburtshelferkröte hingegen überwintern oft im Gewässer. Erst im folgenden Jahr krabbeln die Jungtiere an Land. Bei Grasfroschkaulquappen und vielen anderen Arten Mitteleuropas dauert die Metamorphose etwa zehn bis zwölf Wochen. Jungfrösche aus Laich, der Anfang April abgelegt wurde, verlassen also etwa Mitte Juni das Gewässer. Diejenigen, welche die nächsten zwei, bis drei Jahre überleben, werden eines Frühlings erneut das Wasser aufsuchen, um sich selbst fortzupflanzen – in der Regel in ihrem eigenen Geburtsteich.",[],[],{"_key":5053,"_type":8,"children":5054,"glossarDefs":5059,"id":5053,"markDefs":5060,"style":4389},"159c9932ad5a",[5055],{"_key":5056,"_type":12,"marks":5057,"text":5058},"e511578e183f",[],"4. Die unbekannten Verwandten: Salamander und Molche",[],[],{"_key":5062,"_type":8,"children":5063,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5068,"markDefs":5069,"style":24},"43add98eee4d",[5064],{"_key":5065,"_type":12,"marks":5066,"text":5067},"07a56d8951b3",[],"Der Name verrät es: Schwanzlurche tragen einen Schwanz – und zwar zeitlebens. Mit ihren langgestreckten Körpern und den kurzen Vorder- und Hinterbeinen unterscheiden sie sich klar von den Froschlurchen. Wie diese leben jedoch auch die meisten Schwanzlurche sowohl im Wasser sowie an Land. Sind sie stärker ans Landleben angepasst, werden sie umgangssprachlich ‹Salamander› genannt; sind sie stärker ans Wasser gebunden, ist von ‹Molchen› die Rede. In der Schweiz sind der Feuersalamander, der Alpensalamander und fünf Molcharten heimisch.",[],[],{"_key":5071,"_type":4525,"caption":5072,"captionPosition":4535,"imagePrint":174,"imageWeb":5081,"markDefs":174,"pdfLayout":4573,"pdfRotate":128,"counter":5117},"5f759459c9f4",[5073],{"_key":5074,"_type":8,"children":5075,"markDefs":5080,"style":24},"aaf3424c4138",[5076],{"_key":5077,"_type":12,"marks":5078,"text":5079},"10897ea2e6e6",[],"Nächtliche Begegnung mit einem Bergmolch-Weibchen. © Sophie Büchi. ",[],{"_type":212,"asset":5082},{"_createdAt":5083,"_id":5084,"_rev":5085,"_type":117,"_updatedAt":5083,"assetId":5086,"extension":119,"metadata":5087,"mimeType":156,"originalFilename":5112,"path":5113,"sha1hash":5086,"size":5114,"uploadId":5115,"url":5116},"2026-05-03T21:37:47Z","image-f53c6d77b4dd553a6798870b8798c1dd8ea24109-1600x1200-jpg","NjFKn5TWxAiAPiVihLtilF","f53c6d77b4dd553a6798870b8798c1dd8ea24109",{"_type":121,"blurHash":5088,"dimensions":5089,"hasAlpha":128,"isOpaque":129,"lqip":5092,"palette":5093,"thumbHash":5111},"V6Lqe900~oxrIsWED$M|D*n}Il9E00s*%L00o#MyM|Rj",{"_type":124,"aspectRatio":125,"height":5090,"width":5091},1200,1600,"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAAPABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQGBf/EACQQAAIBBAAFBQAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwAEBREGEiExQSMyYYGR/8QAFAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/EABcRAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABESH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALC34fwuG9SZI1ePqHHYCtOyyPDVzymdyC3UHrpvul5SJy9nLCLhH9yk6/aZwWBw9qkpt7aQFm2UZ9quvA34olmFV2+OxM8KyAgAiikQEPcgfBFFPQ//2Q==",{"_type":132,"darkMuted":5094,"darkVibrant":5097,"dominant":5100,"lightMuted":5103,"lightVibrant":5106,"muted":5108,"vibrant":5109},{"_type":134,"background":5095,"foreground":136,"population":5096,"title":136},"#3e3a3a",6.83,{"_type":134,"background":5098,"foreground":136,"population":5099,"title":136},"#2f1f11",0.26,{"_type":134,"background":5101,"foreground":136,"population":5102,"title":136},"#787778",6.98,{"_type":134,"background":5104,"foreground":146,"population":5105,"title":136},"#c2bfb1",3.24,{"_type":134,"background":5107,"foreground":146,"population":3013,"title":146},"#efe4bf",{"_type":134,"background":5101,"foreground":136,"population":5102,"title":136},{"_type":134,"background":5110,"foreground":136,"population":154,"title":136},"#bb7b43","LAgKBYCid4dmZ4hXgyiHgPymn1QG","PHOTO-2025-05-29-23-06-15.jpg","images/b1bmokl0/setv03/f53c6d77b4dd553a6798870b8798c1dd8ea24109-1600x1200.jpg",560976,"kl64gmsQIcc8L7D3jiDCSrFBpDXPY3p2","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/b1bmokl0/setv03/f53c6d77b4dd553a6798870b8798c1dd8ea24109-1600x1200.jpg",6,{"_key":5119,"_type":8,"children":5120,"glossarDefs":5125,"id":5119,"markDefs":5126,"style":16},"0ad2788fe505",[5121],{"_key":5122,"_type":12,"marks":5123,"text":5124},"78e7f6b57dc4",[],"Reizvolles Unterwasserballett",[],[],{"_key":5128,"_type":8,"children":5129,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5134,"markDefs":5135,"style":24},"18ca426085c0",[5130],{"_key":5131,"_type":12,"marks":5132,"text":5133},"5f9e8e4c69eb",[],"Eine Spezialität der Molche ist ihr aufwendiges Balzverhalten. Anstelle eines Lockrufes setzen die stummen Molchmännchen auf Farben, Formen und Düfte, um den Weibchen zu imponieren. Das Männchen der Bergmolche etwa fällt im Frühling durch seine farbenprächtige Wassertracht auf. Wirbt es um ein Weibchen, sondert es einen Sexualduftstoff ins Wasser ab und fächelt diesen mit heftigen Schwanzschlägen seiner Auserwählten zu. Stunden können vergehen, bis ein Weibchen auf diesen ‹Hochzeitstanz› reagiert. Dann setzt das Männchen auf dem Gewässergrund ein Samenpaket ab, das vom Weibchen mit seiner Kloake aufgenommen wird. Die befruchteten Eier heftet das Weibchen in grosser Fleissarbeit einzeln an Wasserpflanzen. Im Laufe des Sommers verlassen die Molche das Gewässer und ziehen in die Landlebensräume. Dazu wechseln sie von der farbigen, glatten Wassertracht zur unauffälligen Landtracht mit trockener, körniger Haut.",[],[],{"_key":5137,"_type":8,"children":5138,"glossarDefs":5143,"id":5137,"markDefs":5144,"style":16},"1c61c9f4df8b",[5139],{"_key":5140,"_type":12,"marks":5141,"text":5142},"e18a970db0b5",[],"Geburt der Alpensalamander",[],[],{"_key":5146,"_type":8,"children":5147,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5152,"markDefs":5153,"style":24},"879ffa53f3f2",[5148],{"_key":5149,"_type":12,"marks":5150,"text":5151},"17cade0bdbff",[],"Im Gegensatz zu den Molchen paaren sich Salamander an Land. Der Alpensalamander hat sich sogar vollständig vom Wasser gelöst: Seine Larven entwickeln sich ganz im mütterlichen Körper. Nach stolzen zwei bis vier Jahren Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen zwei fertig entwickelte Jungsalamander auf die Welt. Der Feuersalamander ist mit seinem gelben Flecken- oder Bändermuster unverwechselbar. Die Färbung ist eine Warnung: Der Feuersalamander produziert bei Gefahr ein weisses Sekret, das die Schleimhäute von Fressfeinden stark reizt. Auf der menschlichen Haut ist das Gift jedoch harmlos. Wer einen Feuersalamander berührt hat, sollte sich trotzdem die Hände waschen, damit kein Gift in die Augen oder auf die Schleimhäute gerät.",[],[],{"_key":5155,"_type":8,"children":5156,"glossarDefs":5161,"id":5155,"markDefs":5162,"style":4389},"8a2074826457",[5157],{"_key":5158,"_type":12,"marks":5159,"text":5160},"9049110d6421",[],"5. In welchen Lebensräumen leben Amphibien?",[],[],{"_key":5164,"_type":8,"children":5165,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5170,"markDefs":5171,"style":24},"528a9ee4985a",[5166],{"_key":5167,"_type":12,"marks":5168,"text":5169},"5b21fedc735c",[],"Der Lebensraum von Amphibien in der Schweiz ist sehr vielfältig. Zur Fortpflanzung brauchen alle Amphibien (ausser der Alpensalamander) in irgendeiner Form ein oder mehrere Laichgewässer. Während des restlichen Jahres haben die meisten Arten ganz andere Ansprüche an den Sommerlebensraum und das Winterquartier. Um das Überleben der Amphibien zu sichern, ist nicht nur der Schutz von Feuchtgebieten sondern auch der restlichen Lebensräume essenziell.",[],[],{"_key":5173,"_type":8,"children":5174,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5179,"markDefs":5180,"style":24},"57dc1a47b47d",[5175],{"_key":5176,"_type":12,"marks":5177,"text":5178},"16e19bc4687d",[],"Nicht nur die Art der Gewässer sondern auch der Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Amphibien diese aufsuchen, unterscheiden sich stark. Dabei bleibt ein einzelnes Individuum jedoch nicht während der ganzen möglichen Paarungszeit am Gewässer. Das Erdkröten-Weibchen bleibt nur ein paar Tage, während Wasserfrösche den ganzen Sommer mehr oder weniger dort verweilen. Bei einigen Amphibienarten dehnt sich die Ablaichzeit über mehrere Monate aus, während bei den Grasfröschen meist die gesamte Population eines Gebietes innerhalb weniger Tage ablaicht.",[],[],{"_key":5182,"_type":8,"children":5183,"glossarDefs":5188,"id":5182,"markDefs":5189,"style":16},"ca99bde7e744",[5184],{"_key":5185,"_type":12,"marks":5186,"text":5187},"cf5af5a54177",[],"Laichgewässer",[],[],{"_key":5191,"_type":8,"children":5192,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5197,"markDefs":5198,"style":24},"7822e667a68b",[5193],{"_key":5194,"_type":12,"marks":5195,"text":5196},"5977c2d57a84",[],"Die verschiedenen Amphibienarten besiedeln zur Fortpflanzung beinahe alle Gewässertypen: Wagenspuren, nackte, seichte Tümpel, kleine, sonnige Weiher, Seen oder langsam fliessende Gewässer. Einige Arten sind jeweils auf bestimmte Gewässertypen spezialisiert und weichen selten auf andere Gewässerarten aus. Frösche, Kröten und Molche benötigen stehende Gewässer, Feuersalamander bevorzugen kleinere Fliessgewässer deutlich. Kleine, vegetationsfreie Tümpel und Pfützen werden von den Pionieren wie der Gelbbauchunke besiedelt. Diese Gewässer erwärmen sich rasch und ermöglichen dadurch eine rasche Entwicklung der Larven. Zudem trocknen sie regelmässig aus, wodurch Fressfeinde eliminiert werden.",[],[],{"_key":5200,"_type":8,"children":5201,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5206,"markDefs":5207,"style":24},"f3550a957504",[5202],{"_key":5203,"_type":12,"marks":5204,"text":5205},"745ff7817d86",[],"In grösseren, pflanzenreichen und permanent wasserführenden Gewässern leben beispielsweise der Wasserfrosch, der Grasfrosch oder die Erdkröte. Während der Wasserfrosch vor allem sonnige Weiher bevorzugt, legt der Grasfrosch seinen Laich auch in Weihern in Laubmischwäldern ab. Der Bergmolch laicht gerne in pflanzenreichen Tümpeln und Gartenteichen, kommt aber auch mit Gewässern mit weniger Bewuchs zurecht. Dies ist mit ein Grund, warum diese Molchart noch relativ häufig ist. Die Erdkröte legt ihre Eier auch in grosse Weiher oder Seen. An Röhrichtvegetation und an im Wasser liegende Äste spannt sie ihre Laichschnüre.",[],[],{"_key":5209,"_type":8,"children":5210,"glossarDefs":5215,"id":5209,"markDefs":5216,"style":16},"558470acdbb6",[5211],{"_key":5212,"_type":12,"marks":5213,"text":5214},"8ceeaa982541",[],"Sommerlebensräume",[],[],{"_key":5218,"_type":8,"children":5219,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5224,"markDefs":5225,"style":24},"b0a0af6c0fb6",[5220],{"_key":5221,"_type":12,"marks":5222,"text":5223},"edc3027b8b9e",[],"Einzig die Wasserfrösche bleiben das ganze Jahr vorwiegend im oder am Gewässer. Alle anderen wandern meist kurz nach dem Laichen vom Gewässer weg – manchmal ein paar Dutzend Meter, oft einige hundert Meter, gelegentlich bis deutlich über einen Kilometer – in ihre Sommerlebensräume. Das können feuchte Wälder und Wiesen, Hecken. Böschungen, trockene Pionierstandorte an natürlichen Gewässern oder in Kiesgruben oder geeignete Stellen in naturnahen Gärten und Parkanlagen sein. Wichtig sind Strukturreichtum, gute Versteckplätze und ausreichend Nahrung (Kleintiere wie Insekten, Spinnen, Schnecken, Würmer usw.).",[],[],{"_key":5227,"_type":8,"children":5228,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5233,"markDefs":5234,"style":24},"77a649375af8",[5229],{"_key":5230,"_type":12,"marks":5231,"text":5232},"1714e669ed63",[],"Genauso wie die Ansprüche an das Laichgewässer unterschiedlich sind, sind sie es auch für den Sommerlebensraum. Die Wasserfrösche und die Gelbbauchunke verbleiben länger am Gewässer. Der Bergmolch entfernt sich selten weit vom Gewässer. Den Wasserfrosch findet man seltener als die Gelbbauchunke auch entfernt vom Gewässer. Vor allem bei Trockenheit zieht sich die Gelbbauchunke in dichtere Krautvegetation von Pionierstandorten zurück. Grasfrösche halten sich bevorzugt in Wäldern und feuchten Wiesen auf. Manchmal sind sie auch in Gärten oder selten im Wasser anzutreffen. Die Erdkröte gehört zu den ‹Langstreckenwanderern›. Sie kann über zwei Kilometer in ihren Sommerlebensraum zurücklegen, der sich im Wald, in Wiesen, Feldern oder auch Gärten befindet.",[],[],{"_key":5236,"_type":8,"children":5237,"glossarDefs":5242,"id":5236,"markDefs":5243,"style":16},"faaab89e9cf4",[5238],{"_key":5239,"_type":12,"marks":5240,"text":5241},"b157b2110d86",[],"Winterquartier",[],[],{"_key":5245,"_type":8,"children":5246,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5251,"markDefs":5252,"style":24},"464b6cc7ce52",[5247],{"_key":5248,"_type":12,"marks":5249,"text":5250},"82234c8e62a8",[],"Die meisten Lurche überwintern in frostsicheren Verstecken wie Erdlöcher, Spalten, Fugen, Höhlungen, Mauslöcher, benutzen Laub- und Asthaufen oder graben sich ein. Sie halten dabei nicht einen Winterschlaf, sondern eine Winterruhe. Amphibien sind wechselwarm, das heisst ihre Temperatur gleicht sich an die Umgebungstemperatur an, im Winterversteck knapp über Null. So ist der Stoffwechsel extrem reduziert.",[],[],{"_key":5254,"_type":8,"children":5255,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5260,"markDefs":5261,"style":24},"2be18dcdf031",[5256],{"_key":5257,"_type":12,"marks":5258,"text":5259},"bedd508b9b81",[],"Im Wasser: Nur ein kleiner Teil der Grasfrösche überwintert auf dem Grund von Gewässern. Wasserüberwinterung findet vor allem in sauerstoffreichen Gewässern mit Zufluss statt und eher in etwas tieferen Gewässern statt (über 80 cm). In Gartenweihern, die in der Regel keinen Zufluss haben, kann es selten – vor allem in strengen Wintern unter einer mit Schnee bedeckten Eisfläche und in pflanzenreichen Gewässern - zu einem Sauerstoffmangel kommen, an dem im Wasser überwinternde Grasfrösche sterben können.",[],[],{"_key":5263,"_type":8,"children":5264,"containsGlossar":128,"glossarDefs":5269,"markDefs":5270,"style":24},"a33c71e581b5",[5265],{"_key":5266,"_type":12,"marks":5267,"text":5268},"ef95bee0f61f",[],"An Land: Die meisten Lurche bevorzugen als Winterquartier frostsichere Verstecke an Land. Die Tiere halten Temperaturen bis wenige Grade über Null aus. Einzelne Amphibienarten können sogar für kürzere Zeit einfrieren. Ist es länger kalt, erfrieren sie. Sie vergraben sich im weichen Boden oder benutzen bereits vorhandene Erdlöcher von Mäusen und Maulwürfen oder Nischen in Steinhaufen und Trockensteinmauern. 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